Spotify has spent the past year quietly removing tens of thousands of fake podcasts that were allegedly being used to promote illegal online pharmacies and scam websites. Now, a new congressional report is raising questions about how the scheme was able to flourish on one of the world’s largest audio platforms in the first place.

According to the Wired report, bad actors created thousands of fake podcasts that were never intended to attract real listeners. Instead, they were designed to manipulate Spotify’s search rankings and boost the visibility of websites selling prescription drugs without prescriptions, including opioids, stimulants, and benzodiazepines.

Spotify reportedly removed more than 57,000 podcast episodes, over 3,000 podcast shows, and took action against roughly 3,500 accounts connected to the operation. The takedown came after sustained scrutiny from lawmakers and media investigations that highlighted the scale of the problem.

The report was led by Senator Maggie Hassan, who criticized Spotify for not moving quickly enough and for failing to report the activity to law enforcement despite links to websites involved in illegal drug sales.

The podcasts were never really podcasts

One of the more surprising details is that most of the content wasn’t created to be consumed.

Spotify told investigators that many of the fake podcasts functioned primarily as search-engine spam. The operators reportedly stuffed podcast titles, descriptions, and cover art with links directing users to online pharmacy websites and scam operations. The goal was to exploit Spotify’s authority in search engines and improve the ranking of those external sites.

In fact, Spotify said 94% of the removed episodes received zero plays, while 99% attracted fewer than 10 streams. However, some episodes did find an audience. A handful reportedly generated thousands of listens and included instructions for purchasing drugs such as modafinil using cryptocurrency.

The report also found similar content appearing across other podcast platforms, highlighting how easy it has become to distribute large amounts of low-quality content across multiple services at once.

AI is making the spam problem even bigger

Researchers and lawmakers believe artificial intelligence is making these operations easier to run.

The report points to AI-generated podcasts featuring synthetic voices and automatically generated content designed to mimic legitimate shows. Spotify told investigators it currently has AI moderation systems for music spam but does not specifically prohibit AI-generated podcasts. The company also acknowledged that it is not particularly well-positioned to identify AI-created podcast content.

Spotify says it uses automated detection tools, human reviewers, and external moderation services to identify rule-breaking content. However, the congressional report argues that the scale of the fake podcast operation demonstrates significant gaps in those defenses.

The incident highlights a growing challenge facing internet platforms. As AI makes it cheaper and faster to create content at scale, spam campaigns no longer need websites alone. They can exploit trusted platforms, search algorithms, and recommendation systems to reach users in ways that are increasingly difficult to detect.

For Spotify, the controversy is a reminder that content moderation challenges are no longer limited to social networks. Even podcast platforms are becoming targets for sophisticated spam operations designed to game search rankings and funnel users toward illegal or potentially dangerous services.

Spotify has removed more than 57,000 fake podcast episodes and banned 3,500 accounts tied to illegal drug promotion after a US Senate investigation exposed the scale of the problem. The episodes, spread across more than 3,000 shows, used AI-generated audio to direct listeners to websites selling modafinil, opioids, and cryptocurrency on unregulated marketplaces. Senator Maggie Hassan, a Democrat from New Hampshire, led the congressional inquiry that forced the platform to act.

The numbers are damning not for their size but for the timeline. In all of 2024, Spotify actioned just 87 accounts for similar violations. The surge to 3,500 bans in 2025 came only after CNN published an investigation in May documenting the drug-spam pipeline in detail. One podcast identified by CNN linked directly to a site called opioidstores.com, which the DEA subsequently seized.

Spotify’s own data reveals how deeply the spam had embedded itself before anyone noticed. Ninety-four percent of the removed episodes had zero plays, and 99% had fewer than ten streams, suggesting the content was indexed and searchable long before any human listener encountered it. The episodes functioned less as listenable content and more as SEO vectors, directing search traffic toward illegal storefronts.

But not all of it went unheard. Some episodes had accumulated thousands of listens, with AI-generated voices reading aloud instructions for purchasing modafinil and cryptocurrency. The content was not subtle, it was keyword-stuffed, algorithmically optimised, and designed to exploit Spotify’s historically permissive approach to podcast moderation.

The platform acknowledged in its response to Hassan’s office that it is “not particularly well-positioned” to identify AI-created podcast content. Spotify uses automated moderation for music, where it has deployed tools to detect AI-generated songs and streaming fraud, but no equivalent system exists for podcasts. The company does not specifically prohibit AI-generated podcasts in its terms of service, creating a gap that bad actors have exploited at scale.

That gap is especially striking given Spotify’s recent moves on the music side. In April, the company launched a Verified by Spotify badge that explicitly excludes AI-persona artist accounts and has begun flagging AI-generated songs that mimic real artists. But podcasts, which number in the millions and require no distributor relationship to upload, remain largely unpoliced.

Hassan’s investigation also found that Spotify did not report any of the removed drug-promotion content to law enforcement. The company pulled the episodes and banned the accounts but did not refer the material to the DEA or any other agency, even when the content contained direct links to sites the DEA later seized independently. Hassan called the response insufficient and urged Spotify to implement proactive detection rather than waiting for external pressure.

The problem is not unique to Spotify. Similar AI-generated drug-spam podcasts have been found on other platforms, though none have disclosed removal figures on this scale. The ease of creating synthetic audio, combined with the open-upload model most podcast platforms use, has made the medium a low-cost, high-volume channel for illicit advertising. AI-generated content already floods Spotify’s music catalogue without labels, and the podcast side appears even further behind on detection.

The enforcement pattern, reactive and media-driven rather than proactive, raises questions about what else is sitting on the platform undetected. Spotify went from 87 account bans in a full year to 3,500 in a matter of weeks once reporters and legislators started looking. The 94% zero-play rate means the company’s existing systems were not surfacing this content through engagement metrics or user reports, invisible until someone searched for it deliberately.

Spotify has not announced any new automated detection tools for podcast content in response to the investigation. The company said it is working to improve its systems but offered no timeline or technical details. For a platform that hosts more than five million podcast titles, the absence of podcast-specific AI moderation is no longer an oversight, it is a policy choice with measurable consequences.

As the rise of AI-generated music on streaming services continues, concerns are growing regarding how AI companies use copyrighted material to train their models, as well as how potential manipulations in streaming systems could lead to fraud.

However, many music streaming services have yet to launch AI music detection tools. So, the streamer Deezer has taken matters into its own hands.

In the ongoing effort to tackle this issue, Deezer introduced a tool that scans playlists from various streaming platforms to identify AI-generated tracks. Announced on Thursday, this free online AI music detector supports 27 languages and gives users from 20 of the most popular platforms the chance to see if their playlists include any AI-generated songs.

The launch further positions Deezer as one of the music industry’s most aggressive opponents of AI music, which could be a selling point for its service among consumers. While rivals like Apple Music and Spotify have opted for a tagging approach, Deezer actively removes AI tracks from recommendations and excludes them from editorial playlists. It also recently began offering its AI detection technology to rival platforms.

To use the new tool, go to Deezer’s AI music detector website, select your streaming service, and allow Deezer to access your playlists. Once you import your playlists, the service scans for AI content, notifies you of any findings, and even offers the option to share the results. The tool is compatible with Spotify, Apple Music, SoundCloud, and YouTube Music, among other platforms. 

“By detecting and tagging AI-generated music over the past year and a half, Deezer has been at the forefront of transparency in music streaming. No other company has followed our lead yet, so we decided to make it possible for everyone to check if their playlists include synthetic music, no matter which streaming platform they use,” CEO Alexis Lanternier said in a statement.

Notably, the company revealed in today’s announcement that it is carefully considering future steps, such as updating supplier policies or removing content. This would follow in Bandcamp’s footsteps, which banned AI music earlier this year. 

The launch of the new tool comes on the heels of Deezer revealing that a staggering 44% of all new music uploaded to its platform is AI-generated.

The company is currently being flooded with nearly 75,000 AI-generated tracks daily, which totals over two million each month. Despite this influx, the listening rate for AI-generated music remains relatively low, accounting for just 1-3% of total streams. Around 85% of these streams are flagged as fraudulent and are demonetized by the platform.